File/Folder (V3): GeM business opportunity
Who buys File/Folder (V3) on GeM, in which states, how many sellers compete and what wins. Change the filters to match your business.
Live bids + bids closed 2025-11-07 – 2026-11-07 (365 days). Includes imported GeM history.
- Live bids
- 64
- Closed in period
- 776
- Awarded results
- 8
- Median winning price (L1)
- ₹2 lakh
- Avg bidders per bid
- 4.7
Tenders published per month
Last 12 months, matching your filters
Show as table
| Month | Tenders |
|---|---|
| Dec 2025 | 0 |
| Jan 2026 | 0 |
| Feb 2026 | 1 |
| Mar 2026 | 18 |
| Apr 2026 | 57 |
| May 2026 | 119 |
| Jun 2026 | 126 |
| Jul 2026 | 134 |
| Aug 2026 | 125 |
| Sept 2026 | 108 |
| Oct 2026 | 124 |
| Nov 2026 | 28 |
How open are these bids?
- No EMD needed
- 87%
- MSE turnover/experience relaxed
- 52%
- Reverse auction
- 1%
based on 786 bids
based on 23 bids
based on 768 bids
Turnover, experience, EMD and exemptions come from bid documents and are still sparse; every share shows how many bids it is based on. Results improve as more history is imported.
Top 10: where to work
Ranked by opportunity score (0–100). Open a row to see why.
- 1Writing Pens86/100
35 live · 3.9 bidders avg · L1 ₹7.1 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 85
- Momentum
- 68
- Low competition
- 86
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 100
- 2File/Folder (V3)84/100
64 live · 4.7 bidders avg · L1 ₹2 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 100
- Momentum
- 50
- Low competition
- 79
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 91
- 3Register (V2)83/100
25 live · 3.8 bidders avg · L1 ₹7.1 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 83
- Momentum
- 57
- Low competition
- 86
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 100
- 4
19 live · 3.5 bidders avg · L1 ₹1.2 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 69
- Momentum
- 93
- Low competition
- 88
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 5Markers and Highlighters81/100
26 live · 4.9 bidders avg · L1 ₹2.8 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 81
- Momentum
- 62
- Low competition
- 78
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 93
- 6Staple Pins/Staples(V3)79/100
19 live · 5.4 bidders avg · L1 ₹2.8 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 74
- Momentum
- 68
- Low competition
- 74
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 93
- 7Self Adhesive Flags (V3)79/100
19 live · 5.4 bidders avg · L1 ₹2.8 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 72
- Momentum
- 76
- Low competition
- 74
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 93
- 8
25 live · 6 bidders avg · L1 ₹3.4 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 83
- Momentum
- 56
- Low competition
- 69
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 95
- 9Glue Stick (V3)77/100
19 live · 4.7 bidders avg · L1 ₹6 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 73
- Momentum
- 74
- Low competition
- 79
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 10
17 live · 4.3 bidders avg · L1 ₹7.1 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 72
- Momentum
- 74
- Low competition
- 83
- Easy criteria
- 99
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
Show as table
| Rank | Name | Score | Live bids | Closed in period | Avg bidders per bid | Median winning price (L1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Writing Pens | 86 | 35 | 272 | 3.9 | ₹7.1 lakh |
| 2 | File/Folder (V3) | 84 | 64 | 776 | 4.7 | ₹2 lakh |
| 3 | Register (V2) | 83 | 25 | 249 | 3.8 | ₹7.1 lakh |
| 4 | Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tapes with Plastic Base (V4) Conforming to IS 13262 | 82 | 19 | 86 | 3.5 | ₹1.2 lakh |
| 5 | Markers and Highlighters | 81 | 26 | 205 | 4.9 | ₹2.8 lakh |
| 6 | Staple Pins/Staples(V3) | 79 | 19 | 125 | 5.4 | ₹2.8 lakh |
| 7 | Self Adhesive Flags (V3) | 79 | 19 | 106 | 5.4 | ₹2.8 lakh |
| 8 | Plain Copier Paper (V3) ISI Marked to IS 14490 | 78 | 25 | 250 | 6 | ₹3.4 lakh |
| 9 | Glue Stick (V3) | 77 | 19 | 113 | 4.7 | ₹6 lakh |
| 10 | Black Lead Pencils (V3) Conforming to IS 1375 | 77 | 17 | 110 | 4.3 | ₹7.1 lakh |
Fewest bidders per bid, then relaxed criteria
- 1Desk Pads - Writing (V2)100/100
16 live · 4 bidders avg · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 70
- Momentum
- 90
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 2
16 live · 4 bidders avg · L1 ₹11 lakh · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 68
- Momentum
- 77
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 3
9 live · 4 bidders avg · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 62
- Momentum
- 83
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 4
5 live · 5 bidders avg · L1 ₹69,470 · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 51
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 5
3 live · 4 bidders avg · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 50
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 6Paper Weights (V2)100/100
5 live · 3 bidders avg · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 47
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 7Dak Pad (V3)100/100
5 live · 5.5 bidders avg · L1 ₹3.4 lakh · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 57
- Momentum
- 76
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 8
6 live · 5 bidders avg · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 50
- Momentum
- 88
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 9Air Freshener liquid (V3)100/100
3 live · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 43
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 10
4 live · 3 bidders avg · L1 ₹11 lakh · ranked by bid criteria (no results yet)
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 40
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
Show as table
| Rank | Name | Score | Live bids | Closed in period | Avg bidders per bid | Median winning price (L1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Desk Pads - Writing (V2) | 100 | 16 | 93 | 4 | — |
| 2 | Binder Clips (V3) Conforming to IS 8231 | 100 | 16 | 80 | 4 | ₹11 lakh |
| 3 | Paper Clips (V2) Conforming to IS 5650 | 100 | 9 | 54 | 4 | — |
| 4 | Note Sheet Pad (Azure Laid) (V3) | 100 | 5 | 24 | 5 | ₹69,470 |
| 5 | Stamp-Pad Ink (V2) Conforming to IS 393 | 100 | 3 | 25 | 4 | — |
| 6 | Paper Weights (V2) | 100 | 5 | 18 | 3 | — |
| 7 | Dak Pad (V3) | 100 | 5 | 41 | 5.5 | ₹3.4 lakh |
| 8 | Paper Pins (V2) Conforming to IS 5653 | 100 | 6 | 22 | 5 | — |
| 9 | Air Freshener liquid (V3) | 100 | 3 | 14 | — | — |
| 10 | Toner Cartridges / Ink Cartridges / Consumables for Printers | 100 | 4 | 10 | 3 | ₹11 lakh |
- 1
Ministry of Defence ·19 live · 4.8 bidders avg · L1 ₹2.8 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 100
- Momentum
- 49
- Low competition
- 78
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 100
- 2
Ministry of Home Affairs ·0 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 48
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 3Department of Defence65/100
Ministry of Defence ·2 live · 4.5 bidders avg · L1 ₹15 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 62
- Momentum
- 68
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 4
Ministry of Communications ·3 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 41
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 5
1 live · 3 bidders avg · L1 ₹6,075
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 46
- Momentum
- 88
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 6
Pmo ·3 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 54
- Momentum
- 70
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 7
Ministry of Defence ·4 live · 1 bidders avg
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 63
- Momentum
- 51
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 8Coal India Limited62/100
Ministry of Coal ·2 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 48
- Momentum
- 75
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 9
4 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 41
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 83
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 10
Ministry of Finance ·1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 32
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
Show as table
| Rank | Name | Score | Live bids | Closed in period | Avg bidders per bid | Median winning price (L1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Department of Military Affairs | 84 | 19 | 251 | 4.8 | ₹2.8 lakh |
| 2 | Central Armed Police Forces | 67 | 0 | 14 | — | — |
| 3 | Department of Defence | 65 | 2 | 29 | 4.5 | ₹15 lakh |
| 4 | Department of Telecommunications (dot) | 65 | 3 | 6 | — | — |
| 5 | Energy Department Uttar Pradesh | 64 | 1 | 11 | 3 | ₹6,075 |
| 6 | Department of Atomic Energy | 63 | 3 | 17 | — | — |
| 7 | Department of Defence Research & Development | 62 | 4 | 30 | 1 | — |
| 8 | Coal India Limited | 62 | 2 | 12 | — | — |
| 9 | Department of Higher Education Madhya Pradesh | 62 | 4 | 5 | — | — |
| 10 | Department of Financial Services | 62 | 1 | 4 | — | — |
- 1Ministry of Defence85/100
25 live · 4.3 bidders avg · L1 ₹7.1 lakh
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 100
- Momentum
- 49
- Low competition
- 82
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value
- 100
- 2Ministry of Home Affairs65/100
0 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 53
- Momentum
- 83
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 3Ministry of Finance65/100
2 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 41
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 4Pmo62/100
3 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 53
- Momentum
- 67
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 5Ministry of Railways62/100
2 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 45
- Momentum
- 81
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 6Ministry of Ayush62/100
1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 31
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 7
3 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 47
- Momentum
- 70
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 8Ministry of Coal61/100
2 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 46
- Momentum
- 75
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 9
1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 39
- Momentum
- 78
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 10
1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 24
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
Show as table
| Rank | Name | Score | Live bids | Closed in period | Avg bidders per bid | Median winning price (L1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ministry of Defence | 85 | 25 | 322 | 4.3 | ₹7.1 lakh |
| 2 | Ministry of Home Affairs | 65 | 0 | 21 | — | — |
| 3 | Ministry of Finance | 65 | 2 | 8 | — | — |
| 4 | Pmo | 62 | 3 | 18 | — | — |
| 5 | Ministry of Railways | 62 | 2 | 11 | — | — |
| 6 | Ministry of Ayush | 62 | 1 | 4 | — | — |
| 7 | Ministry of Communications | 61 | 3 | 12 | — | — |
| 8 | Ministry of Coal | 61 | 2 | 12 | — | — |
| 9 | Ministry of Civil Aviation | 60 | 1 | 8 | — | — |
| 10 | Ministry of Commerce and Industry | 60 | 1 | 2 | — | — |
- 1Uttar Pradesh73/100
7 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 96
- Momentum
- 60
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 2West Bengal73/100
8 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 78
- Momentum
- 85
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 3Maharashtra71/100
5 live · 1 bidders avg
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 93
- Momentum
- 51
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 4Madhya Pradesh71/100
6 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 82
- Momentum
- 70
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 97
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 5Telangana71/100
5 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 69
- Momentum
- 88
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 6Tamil Nadu70/100
3 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 65
- Momentum
- 88
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 7Delhi69/100
5 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 88
- Momentum
- 53
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 98
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 8Punjab68/100
1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 61
- Momentum
- 88
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 9Rajasthan67/100
2 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 64
- Momentum
- 74
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 10Gujarat66/100
4 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 100
- Momentum
- 17
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
Show as table
| Rank | Name | Score | Live bids | Closed in period | Avg bidders per bid | Median winning price (L1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Uttar Pradesh | 73 | 7 | 80 | — | — |
| 2 | West Bengal | 73 | 8 | 29 | — | — |
| 3 | Maharashtra | 71 | 5 | 71 | 1 | — |
| 4 | Madhya Pradesh | 71 | 6 | 39 | — | — |
| 5 | Telangana | 71 | 5 | 19 | — | — |
| 6 | Tamil Nadu | 70 | 3 | 17 | — | — |
| 7 | Delhi | 69 | 5 | 54 | — | — |
| 8 | Punjab | 68 | 1 | 15 | — | — |
| 9 | Rajasthan | 67 | 2 | 17 | — | — |
| 10 | Gujarat | 66 | 4 | 100 | — | — |
- 1New Delhi76/100
Delhi ·2 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 78
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 2Sonitpur73/100
Assam ·3 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 88
- Momentum
- 70
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 3Nagpur73/100
Maharashtra ·1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 72
- Momentum
- 95
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 4Imphal East73/100
Manipur ·0 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 69
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 5Kolkata71/100
West Bengal ·2 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 76
- Momentum
- 81
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 6Mohali71/100
Punjab ·0 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 60
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 7Chennai71/100
Tamil Nadu ·1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 60
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 8Mumbai69/100
Maharashtra ·1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 100
- Momentum
- 34
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 9Bangalore69/100
Karnataka ·1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 98
- Momentum
- 36
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- 10Kanchipuram69/100
Tamil Nadu ·1 live
Live tenders →Create alertWhy this score
- Volume
- 56
- Momentum
- 100
- Low competition (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
- Easy criteria
- 100
- Order value (not enough data, neutral)
- 50
Show as table
| Rank | Name | Score | Live bids | Closed in period | Avg bidders per bid | Median winning price (L1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New Delhi | 76 | 2 | 12 | — | — |
| 2 | Sonitpur | 73 | 3 | 17 | — | — |
| 3 | Nagpur | 73 | 1 | 10 | — | — |
| 4 | Imphal East | 73 | 0 | 10 | — | — |
| 5 | Kolkata | 71 | 2 | 11 | — | — |
| 6 | Mohali | 71 | 0 | 7 | — | — |
| 7 | Chennai | 71 | 1 | 6 | — | — |
| 8 | Mumbai | 69 | 1 | 30 | — | — |
| 9 | Bangalore | 69 | 1 | 28 | — | — |
| 10 | Kanchipuram | 69 | 1 | 5 | — | — |
How the opportunity score works
Score = Volume 30% + Momentum 20% + Low competition 25% + Easy criteria 15% + Order value 10%. Each part is 0–100; a part without enough data counts as a neutral 50.
- Volume: tenders in the period, compared with the biggest row of the list.
- Momentum: share published in the last 30 days vs the average (100 = twice as fast).
- Low competition: 2 bidders per bid = 100, 15 or more = 0.
- Easy criteria: share of read bid documents with no EMD, an MSE/startup exemption or no turnover/experience criterion.
- Order value: median winning (L1) price, compared with the highest in the list.
Who wins these bids
Top L1 sellers in awarded bids of the period
- 1 wins
- 1 wins
- 1 wins
- 1 wins
- 1 wins
- 1 wins
- 1 wins
- 1 wins
8 different sellers won
Winner names are part of the ₹999 plan and the free trial.
See winner namesof 6 awarded bids with the MSE flag
AI business advisor
Get a short plan from these numbers: where to start, whom to sell to, what to prepare and the risks.